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How
a simple dental infection spreads.
More than eight out of 10 dogs and
cats over 4 years old suffer from periodontal disease, a condition
in which bacteria attack the soft gum tissue.
As bacteria multiply on the tooth
surface, they form a coating called plaque. The bacteria
forming the plaque produce toxins which irritate the gums.
In time, the plaque mineralizes and hardens, becoming what is
called calculus, or tartar. In response to the development
of plaque and tartar, the gums become tender, red and swollen.
Eventually, the inflamed gums pull
away from the teeth, creating pockets that trap food particles and
provide an excellent location for more bacteria to grow. As
these pockets deepen, the development of plaque and tartar can
progress along the root of the tooth, causing the tooth to loosen.
Once the gums have reached this state of deterioration, they bleed
easily when the pet eats or chews. Bacteria from the plaque
and tartar accumulation can enter the animals bloodstream.
This is where the danger lies.
Once bacteria enter the bloodstream, they can travel to major
organs and begin infection there.
The organs with high blood flow are
susceptible to such infections; the lungs, heart, kidneys, liver
and, in some cases, the nervous system.
Since infected, inflamed gums allow
bacteria to enter the bloodstream, veterinarians often prescribe
an antibiotic preceding any dental procedure. The
antibiotics treat the dental infection that may be present and
offer protection against bacteria in the bloodstream. |
